Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a range of challenges related to social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech, and nonverbal communication. The term “spectrum” in autism spectrum disorder reflects the wide variation in challenges and strengths possessed by each individual with autism.
Key characteristics of autism include:
- Social Interaction and Communication Challenges:
- Difficulty in understanding and interpreting social cues.
- Challenges in developing and maintaining relationships.
- Limited eye contact and difficulty using or understanding nonverbal cues such as facial expressions and body language.
- Delayed or atypical language development.
- Repetitive Behaviors:
- Engaging in repetitive movements or activities (e.g., hand-flapping, rocking).
- Insistence on sameness and resistance to change.
- Highly focused interests in specific topics or objects.
- Sensory Sensitivities:
- Heightened or reduced sensitivities to sensory stimuli, such as light, sound, texture, or taste.
- Strengths and Challenges Vary:
- The abilities and challenges vary widely among individuals with autism. Some individuals may excel in certain areas, such as mathematics or music, while facing difficulties in others.
Autism is typically diagnosed in early childhood, and the symptoms and severity can change over time. The exact cause of autism is not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to contribute.
It’s important to note that each person with autism is unique, and interventions and support should be tailored to their specific needs and strengths. Early intervention, behavioral therapy, speech therapy, and educational support are common approaches to help individuals with autism thrive.
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