ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. ADHD is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can interfere with daily functioning and quality of life. It is a complex condition with a range of symptoms and severity.
The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, but it is believed that a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors contributes to its development. Some people think that ADHD is caused by overeating sugar or watching too much television. However, research does not support this popular view. Of course, many things, including stressful life events, might worsen symptoms, especially in certain people.
ADHD Characteristics
ADHD can impact various aspects of life, including academic performance, work, relationships, and daily activities. It is characterized by one or more of the following:
- Inattentiveness: Individuals with this type of ADHD primarily struggle with attention and organization. They may struggle to sustain attention, follow through on tasks, and organize activities. They may also have trouble listening, miss details, or make careless mistakes. They may also have trouble staying tuned in and drift off when listening or reading.
- Hyperactivity-Impulsiveness: Individuals may be fidgety, talk excessively, have difficulty waiting their turn, and act without thinking. They move constantly around, fidgeting, tapping, or talking. They may have trouble waiting for their turn and interrupt or intrude on others. They may also act without thinking, have difficulty with self-control, or want immediate rewards. They may blur out answers before questions are finished or may take over what others are doing.
While most children have trouble focusing and behaving, children with ADHD do not grow out of these behaviors. Their symptoms continue and can cause difficulty at school, at home, or with friends.
A child with ADHD might:
- daydream a lot
- forget or lose things
- squirm or fidget
- talk too much
- make careless mistakes or take unnecessary risks
- have a hard time resisting temptation
- have trouble taking turns
- have difficulty getting along with others
Diagnosis
ADHD is a medical condition, and diagnosing ADHD is a process. A qualified healthcare professional, such as a child psychologist or developmental pediatrician, can make a diagnosis. There is not a single test to identify ADHD in a person. Other problems, such as anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and other types of learning disabilities, have similar symptoms.
A medical examination and hearing and vision tests are conducted to rule out other possible diagnoses. In addition, parents, teachers, caretakers, and the child themselves are often asked to complete a history and checklist for rating ADHD symptoms. It’s crucial to seek help for ADHD as early as possible to ensure your child reaches their full potential.
ADHD can be managed with the proper treatment. Many treatment options exist, and what works best depends on the person, family, and environment. It is recommended that parents work closely with others involved in their child’s life, such as teachers, coaches, and other family members, to closely monitor whether and how much a treatment helps the child’s behavior. That way, changes can be made.
